Law IT Singapore

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3854 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The Issue of Intellectual Property Protection From the previous assignment, we have look into the cases involving McDonald Corporation and Future Enterprise PTE LTD, we have also introduced the basic intellectual property laws and how they are inter-related to one another. In this assignment, we will analyze the Singapore Laws that is related to the cases involved, and then we will provide recommendation to give our client a better idea of the rules and regulations they should abide. Summary of the cases McDonald Corporation and Future Enterprise PTE LTD, core-operating unit of Food Empire Holding Limited, are involved in two law cases during the period of 2003 to 2007. McDonald lost the first case in 2003 as the mark used by Future Enterprise is visually different from McDonald Corporation. Furthermore, Future Enterprise has its eagle device while McDonald Corporation has its golden archer. Therefore, the color scheme, font, and typeface on the mark of the Future Enterprise is very different from the one used by McDonald Corporation. McDonald Corporation sued Future Enterprise again in 2005 for amending the logo of MacCoffee by dropping the eagle device. McDonald Corporation has won this court case against Future Enterprise as there is a higher chance of confusion that will occur in the public and both products names are relate to coffee beverages. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Law IT Singapore | Law Dissertations" essay for you Create order Both cases mentioned above are inter-related with each other as both cases involved the Intellectual Property Law of Trade Mark Act (TMA) where s15 of the TMA is highly emphasized. In the midst of both cases, both McDonald Corporation and Future Enterprise have made various appeals to the cases and this shows that both companies have the great intention and desires to protect their own trademarks. The connection between both cases shows that McDonald wanted to monopolize their trademark as far as food and beverages were concerned. Future Enterprise which also wanted to conserve its right of the prefix Mac in the same industry tried its best to maintain its position. Description and Analyze of the Singapore Law Involved In the case study, the Singapore Law that involved is mainly the Trademark and Passing off laws under the Intellectual Property Law. The laws involved can be classified into two main categories of Common Law and Statute Law. Statute Law Involved: (Refer to appendices Section A, A: 1 for definition of Statute Law) The Statute Laws that are applicable in the following case are Section 12(1), Section 15 and Section 23(1) of the Trade Marks Act (Cap 332, 1992 Rev Ed). Below are the descriptions of the different section of laws involved and the reasons why it is involved: Section 12(1): Any person claiming to be the proprietor of a trade mark used or proposed to be used by him who is desirous of registering it shall apply in writing to the Registrar in the prescribed manner for registration in Part A or B of the register. Reason: McDonald Corporation claims that Future Enterprises marks were not made in good faith as it has adopted a naming convention of using the prefix Mac follows by a food or beverage descriptive. This is similar to McDonald Corporation naming convention for their products, which McDonald Corporation feels that Future Enterprise is making use of similar naming convention to promote their products. Section 15: It shall not be lawful to register as a trade mark or part of a trade mark any matter the use of which would, by reason of its being likely to deceive or cause confusion or otherwise, be disentitled to protection in a court of justice, or would be contrary to law or morality, or any scandalous design. Reason: McDonald Corporation claims that the naming convention and the using of the prefix Mac adopted by Future Enterprise would likely to deceive or cause confusion among the public. McDonald Corporation feels that the consumers may be misled thinking that Future Enterprises mark is a series of mark belonging to McDonald Corporation. Section 23(1): Except as provided by section 25, no trade mark shall be registered in respect of any goods or description of goods that is identical with or nearly resembles a trade mark belonging to a different proprietor and already on the register in respect of: The same goods; The same description of goods; or Services or a description of services, which are associated with those goods or goods of that description. Reason: McDonald Corporation claims that Future Enterprises mark is identical and has a near resembled to their trademark. McDonald Corporation also claims that Future Enterprises marks are associated with their goods in respect of restaurant and catering services as McDonald Corporation regards Food and Beverages is associated with hotel or restaurant service. Common Law Involved: (Refer to appendices Section A, A: 2 for definition of Common Law) There are quite a number of Common Laws involved in our case study, we will look into the major cases that are referred to in corresponding to the different sections of Trade Mark Act that are involved. (Refer to appendices Section A, A: 3 for other cases referred (Common Laws)) Case refers corresponding to Section 12: (Refer to appendices Section A, A: 4 for the summary of the case) Tiffany Co v Fabriques de Tabac Reunies SA [1999] 3 SLR 147 (folld) McDonald Corporation referred to the mentioned case as a support to enhance the claim that Future Enterprises mark is not made in good faith, claiming that Future Enterprise was making use of the prefix Mac to promote their products to the public through the association to McDonald Corporation. Case refers corresponding to Section 15: (Refer to appendices Section A, A: 4 for the summary of the case) McDonalds Corporation v McBagels Inc (85 Civ 7868, 10 December 1986) (refd) McDonald Corporation referred to the mentioned case as a support to enhance the claim that using the prefix Mc or Mac as a naming convention will result confusion in the public to think that Future Enterprises products that has the name mark of Mac is associated to McDonald. Dispute and Resolution Mechanism: Singapore has its own hierarchy of Courts when dealing with Criminal and Civil Law. (Refer to appendices Section A, A: 5 for the diagram of Singapores hierarchy of Courts) Singapore Law system is very strict and serious to trade mark offences, it has imposed a fine of up to $100,000 and/or imprisonment for a maximum term of 5 years for criminal liability in infringement act. For civil infringement, the court can award statutory damages of up to $1million. Usually, the High Court in the hierarchy of Singapore Court system will deal with intellectual property disputes and infringement. Referring to the Case Study, the case is dealt in High Court but due to appeal, the case is later brought into the Court of Appeal in resolving the case. Laws and their relevancy to the case Relevant laws and their application: Under s12(1) of the Act that the respondents claim to proprietorship of the three marks was not made in good faith as it had copied the common distinctive prefix of the appellants family of marks, namely, Mc; Under s15 of the Act that the registration of the three marks would likely deceive or cause confusion to the public; and Under s23(1) of the Act that the application marks were identical with or nearly resembled the trade marks belonging to the appellant. Fairness and unfairness: First case: (Refer to appendices Section B, B: 1 for Scenario of first case) It was decided in the first case that McDonald was unable to stop Future Enterprise form producing their products due to infringements of trademarks. I believed that the decision was fair as many evidence was provided to prove that Future Enterprise had made an effort to make their products distinctive to prevent confusion to the public. The evidence, from the article says that the products Future Enterprise produced were packaged with an eagle logo and it was sold mainly at NTUC FairPrice and Mustafa supermarkets in Singapore. This evidence enhances the point that Future Enterprise and McDonald were selling products targeted at different audiences from different markets. Furthermore, the article also showed that Future Enterprise has had its own product logos and color schemes different from McDonald. This point further showed that the marks were different whether it is in the aspects of appearance, sound or concept. Thus, it proves that customers/consumers had more ways to differentiate between the products of these 2 organizations, which further enhance the fairness of the judgment for this case. Last but not least, McDonald further protested that it had spent millions of dollars to create goodwill for it Mc series of marks, but evidence showed from the article says that Future Enterprise had also spent substantial time and resources in order to gain recognition from global market leaders. Therefore, it is fair to say that Future Enterprise did not cause loss whether in goodwill or financial damages, thus I think it is fair to say that fair judgment were made in this case. Second case: (Refer to appendices Section B, B: 2 for Scenario of second case) In the second case, Future Enterprise was brought up to court by McDonald again as they wanted to update their product design by dropping off their eagle logo. McDonald felt that their marks and naming conventions would be relatively similar which could cause confusion if Future Enterprise were to take out the distinctive eagle logo. Evidence from the article says that the two names sounded and looked too alike, and a substantial amount of average Singaporean would be confused with these two products. And also, the concept too was proved to be similar whether it is the products they are selling or the locations that they are selling the products. But, in our own opinion, we felt that there was unfairness presented in this judgment. In the first Court case between McDonald and Future Enterprise, it was judged that there were too many differences between McDonald and Future Enterprise whether it is in their logo, the products they sells or the audience they targeted. Thus, MacCoffee was able to be registered as a trademark and McDonalds appeal were dismissed. Yet, in the second court case, Future Enterprise loses the chance for its MacCoffee to be registered as a trademark name as they decided to drop their distinctive eagle logo. The first case stated that there were unanimous decisions in believing that products from Future Enterprise were not similar, whether in visual, sounds or concept, in comparison with products from McDonald. And also, evidence from the first case stated that the audience they targeted was remarkably different and the products they sold were also different. The judgment of the second case said that their marks were too similar and it would cause confusion after they drop the eagle logo. The appeals were dismissed with $10,000 payment made from Future Enterprise to McDonald. We felt that this judgment were unfair as there were contradictions which existed within this two cases. The products they sold were relatively different, ready-to-drink beverages from McCafe, and 3-in-1 coffee mix from MacCoffee. This presented a huge contrast between the products sold by the 2 organizations. Also, since it was decided in the first court case that the logos, type font, color schemes and targeted audiences were different for products of this 2 organizations, it should be brought up in the second case too in order to ensure fairness in this case. Thus they should take it into consideration of all these differences in the second court case rather than just concentrating on the similarities caused by the removed logos. Steps to further protect intellectual property rights For McDonald Corporation: Increase the monopolization of the prefix Mc into other service area that their business might want to expand into or have influence on. This is because the use of Mc is only subjected to McDonald in hotel and restaurant service and they might consider the use of this prefix into other service area thus, McDonald can maintain the rights of this prefix in other areas and future companies wont make use of the prefix in the same service area. For Food Empire Holdings: Food Empire Holdings could distinguish itself to McDonalds on the MacCoffee and McCafe by using back their earlier registered mark which appears below an eagle device, on its coffee products. This eagle device can play a part in determining whether the application mark is the same as McDonalds. (Refer to appendices Section B, B: 1 for the picture of Food Empire packaging) Recommendation As a consultant engaged by a big advertising company Do-It-Right Limited, we are responsible to report on the state of intellectual property protection in Singapore and to generally advise them whether there is an inherent and prevailing culture that respects other persons intellectual property rights. Thus, to start with it, we will recommend Do-It-Right Limited Company to advice their multinational clients to understand their own country intellectual property laws and the procedures of registering the trademark. In Singapore Intellectual Property Law, it is categorized into 6 main areas of: Copyright and Neighboring Rights, Industrial Designs, Patents, Confidential Information/Trade Secrets, Trade Marks and Passing Off. These are the 6 main areas under that Intellectual Property Law where the client ought to have a general knowledge of as understanding the laws in each area will be able to help clients to know the ways or methods to safeguard their intellectual properties by knowing which the areas of laws they should look into. To further protect clients intellectual property rights, it is a best advice for client to register their product. For Example: If an organization know that their property or design can be register under the Trademark protection, it is best to register in order to be under law of protection instead of limited protection. This is to ensure when an issue arise of a rival company copying the organization product or design. Organization in this case can use passing off law to protect their rights but this will result them to have limit law of protection if they fail to register their product design. Moreover, Trademark Law offer a great degree of protection comparing to Passing Off Law as Passing off Law require the breaching of Goodwill, Misrepresentations and Damage in order for the Law to take into consideration or effect. Thus in conclusion, it is important for Client to register their product or design under the Intellectual Property Law of protection to have more coverage of protection Lastly, we will also advice them to research on their competitors logo and name to avoid any misinterpretation and misunderstand of their own logo and name to their competitors. It is strongly recommended to use a unique and distinct design for their logo and name, which will lessen the chances of their competitors imitating their name and logo. Conclusion Through our case study on Mc Donald Corporation and Future Enterprise, we have a deep understanding about Intellectual Property Law in Singapore and how it can truly save guard our own personal property. We are also able to analyze the cases and discuss whether the Singapore Courts had made a right judgment. We had gained knowledge of Singapore Courts dealing with cases that involved the Intellectual Property Rights and know the importance of Intellectual Property that under the coverage of law to protect the important asset of an organization. References 1McDonalds Corp v Future Enterprises Pte Ltd https://www.singaporelaw.sg/rss/judg/46507.html 2Food Empire Holdings Ltd https://www.food-empire.com/corp1.htm 3 McDonalds Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonalds 4 Welcome to McDonalds https://www.mcdonalds.com/ 5 McDonalds Singapore https://www.mcdonalds.com.sg/history.htm 6 Singapore Intellectual Property Law#section5 https://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/iplaw2.html#section5 7 Trademark Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark 8 Passing off Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passing_off 9 McDonalds Corp v Future Enterprises Pte Ltd https://www.singaporelaw.sg/rss/judg/46507.html 10 Rules of Court https://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/data/doc/ManagePage/97/roc_o87.htm Appendices Extra Information Section A: A: 1 Statute Law Statue Law is written law that is created by governing authority like the parliament in the form of legislation to state out the civil order of the country and to implement and clarify the policies and operations of the government. Statute Law is also the law that state the consequences or punishments for committing a certain criminal or civil crime such as the Trademark Act or Passing off Act; new law can be introduced and existing law can be taken away in order to accommodate to the nation. A: 2 Common Law Common Law is unstated or unwritten law that is created by judges through court decisions. The decisions made by the judges on current case will depend on the decisions made in similar previous cases that took place. In other word, similar infringements and disputes, that have taken place in previous cases, will result the current case to follow the decisions and reasoning that being used. Common Law system is complicated, as the de cisions made in previous cases will affect the law in future cases and is totally distinguish from Statute Law. Moreover, the decisions made are bounded within a limited given jurisdiction. E.g. Decisions made in higher court such as Court of Appeal will affect the decisions in lower court. A: 3 Case(s) referred to (Common Law): Australian Woollen Mills Limited v F S Walton and Company Limited [1937] 58 CLR 641 (refd) Auvi Pte Ltd v Seah Siew Tee [1992] 1 SLR 639 (folld) Bali Trade Mark [1969] RPC 472 (refd) Beck Koller Company (England) Limited, In the Matter of an Application by [1947] 64 RPC 76 (fold) Brown Shoe Company Inc, Application by [1959] RPC 29 (folld) Carnival Cruise Lines Inc v Sitmar Cruises Ltd [1994] 120 ALR 495 (folld) Compatibility Research Ltd v Computer Psyche Company Ltd [1967] FSR 63 (refd) Future enterprise Pte Ltd v Tong Seng Produce Pte Ltd [1998] 1 SLR 1012 (refd) Genette Trade Mark [1968] RPC 148 (folld) Harrods Limited v Harrodian School Limited [1996] RPC 697 (refd) Karu Pty Ltd v Jose [1994] 30 IPR 407 (folld) Kellogg Co v Pacific Food Products Sdn Bhd [1999] 2 SLR 651 (folld) Lever Brothers Ltd v Bedingfield [1899] 16 RPC 3 (folld) Lifestyle 1.99 Pte Ltd v S$1.99 Pte Ltd [2000] 2 SLR 766 (folld) McDonalds Corporation v McBagels Inc (85 Civ 7868, 10 December 1986) (refd) McIndians, In the matter of an application to register the mark (UK Patent Office 16 August 1996)(refd) McMint, Opposition by McDonalds Corporation to the registration of the trademark (Australian Trade Mark Office, 7 November 1997) (folld) McSalad and McFresh, Opposition by McDonalds Corporation to the registration of the trademark (Australian Trade Mark Office, 1 May 2000) (not folld) McVeg, Opposition by McDonalds Corporation to the registration of the trademark (Australian Trade Mark Office, 10 November 1997) (folld) PB Foods Ltd v Malanda DairyFoods Ltd (1999) 47 IPR 47 (distd) Pianotist Company, In the Matter of an Application by (1906) 23 RPC 774 (folld) SEMIGRES Trade Mark [1979] RPC 330 (folld) Shell Co of Australia Ltd v Esso Standard Oil (Australia) Ltd (1963) 109 CLR 407 (folld) Shell Co of Australian Ltd v Rohm Haas Co (1949) 78 CLR 601 (refd) Smith, Hayden Coy Ld, In the Matter of an Application by (1946) 63 RPC 97 (refd) Soldan Holding + Bonbonspezialitaeten GmbH, Re Application by (Singapore Trade Marks Registry, 20 July 2001) (refd) Sports CafÃÆ'Â © Ltd b Registrar of Trade Marks (1998) 42 IPR 552 (folld) Super Coffeemix Manufacturing Ltd v Unico Trading Pte Ltd [2000] 3 SLR 145 (folld) Tiffany Co v Fabriques de Tabac Reunies SA [1999] 3 SLR 147 (folld) UNIMAX Trade Mark [1979] RPC 469 (folld) Vitamins Lds Application, In the Matter of [1956] RPC 1 (folld) Wagamama Ltd v City Center Restaurants plc [1995] FSR 713 (refd) Yuen Yu Kwan Frank v McDonalds Corporation [2001] WL 1422899 (refd) A:4 Summary of cases for Common Laws Summary of Case refers corresponding to Section 12: Tiffany Co opposed the registration of the mark Tiffany by Fabriques de Tabac Reunies SA on cigarettes though; Tiffany Co has no monopoly in cigarettes industries. This may results in confusion as the entire word mark Tiffany was being copied over and the public might think that the cigarettes sold is produced or has connection to Tiffany Co upon seeing the Tiffany band of cigarettes. Summary of Case refers corresponding to Section 15: McDonald Corporation objected the use of McBagel in bagel bakery restaurant, as it would create confusion in public that people might think that McBagel is somehow associated with McDonald Corporation. Moreover, a survey was conducted and numerous people believed that McBagel was associated to McDonald Corporation due to the use of the prefix Mc. A.5 Diagram of Singapores hierarchy of Courts Section B: B: 1 Scenario of first case: McDonald had wanted to stop listed Future Enterprises from distributing products named MacNoodles, MacTea and MacChocolate. However, the court of appeal decided in a unanimous decision that the three trademarks were not deceptively similar to McDonalds Mac or Mc prefix. Thus in this case, the laws of protecting trademarks did not help McDonald to stop Future Enterprise from distributing their products, and also Future Enterprise were able to win this case as they did not breach the law of passing off. B: 2 Scenario of Second case: The dispute continues as Future Enterprise, a subsidiary and core unit of listed Food Empire Holding decided to updates it product design, MacCoffee to drop its original eagle design. McDonald objected as the similarity now existed when Future Enterprise decides to take out its distinct eagle design. After objection arose, Future Enterprise appealed for the MacCoffee brand to be registered as trademark, which in the end the appeal was dismissed. The laws of protecting trademark in this case were being carried out. MacCoffee were not distinct enough to be registered as a trademark, thus the appeal was dismissed. Also, after removing the eagle design, it was judged that goodwill was breach in terms of causing confusion to the public with similar products. Thus McDonald had successfully won this case with the appeal and Future Enterprise appeals were all dismissed and they were to pay a sum of $10,000 to McDonald to cover their loss. Section C: C: 1 Pictures of Food Empire MacCoffe packaging Old Packaging New Packaging Schedule of Meeting Date Discussion 28th May 2008 Analyze the cases Facts Inter-relationship Tasks allocated to each of the members 30th May 2008 Discuss the research done Singapore Laws (Statute Law Common Law) Singapore Courts Intellectual Property Rights Started the report writing 5th June 2008 Continuation of the report Modification of report Error Checking Rephrasing 9th June 2008 Finalization of the report Work Plan 3.1 Description of Assignment The objective for this final report gives us more understanding of the Singapore Laws that can be applied to these two cases. We are able to apply our basic knowledge learned in the lecture to discuss whether the cases had been judge fairly. 3.2 Team Members Nur Afidah Binte Afandi, Mark Heng Kok Hoong, Teo Lay Hoon, Goh Kok Jui Kelvin, Chai Guo Wei Problems encountered and Solutions 4.1 Problem: Time Consume Solution: Planning out the schedule what we should do first and what should we do next helps to cut down the time wastage.

The Great Gatsby And Tender Is The Night - 1904 Words

â€Å"The loneliest moment in someone’s life is when they are watching their whole world fall apart, and all they can do is stare blankly.† As mentioned by Fitzgerald, could it be true that even though the people that are extremely wealthy could also lead a truly happy lifestyle? As a matter of fact, it probably pleases one’s ear to hear those words together in a sentence. But also maybe just maybe leading a life with an endless supply of wealth and popularity doesn’t necessarily lead the perfect lifestyle you imagined. Examples such as The Great Gatsby and Tender is the Night both being set in the early 1900’s where The Great Gatsby subsides in Long Island, New York follows Nick Carraway, a young aspiring bondsman looking to make some sales and along with that mixes with up everyone else’s affairs. As for Tender is the Night, it follows a problematic wife and a husband who has questionable love interests where it switches on and off. In his two novels, The Great Gatsby and Tender is the Night, American author F. Scott Fitzgerald illustrates that certain characters in the novels exhibit unhealthy, lavish lifestyles that are based on unwholesome values of â€Å"high society†, which leads to their eventual downfall. The characters in the novels are often corrupted or even blinded by the sight of money which results in their downfall. They have a choice to do what they do but they choose the path which would be a rather corrupted path. Daisy Buchanan’s downfall is caused by her tendencyShow MoreRelatedTender Is The Night And The Great Gatsby Analysis1188 Words   |  5 PagesThus far, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night seems similar to the Great Gatsby for its romantic plotline. Almost immediately, we see young Rosemary Hoyt’s love for married Dick Driver when he looks at her and â€Å"for a moment she [lives] in the bright blue world of his eyes, eagerly and confidently† (12). 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Model of Corporate Social Responsibility †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Model of Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Corporate social performance has become one of the important components necessary to determine corporate performance in todays competitive world. The concept of corporate social performance has gained importance over the time due to increase in role of a corporate citizenship and comparison to competition. The theory is used to evaluate corporate social responsibility in an effective manner. The corporate social performance includes legal, economic and philanthropic areas. It is necessary for a company to evaluate social performance in order to attain a desired market position. A company needs to be profitable enough so that they can continue all the important activities in an effective manner. Majority of companies in the world are focusing on the social responsibility in order to attain significant results. It is important for a company to follow an effective social responsibility structure in order to attain capacity. Model of social responsibility refers to the responsiveness of a company to the social issues. A company needs to be proactive with approach in order to manage the social issues. The companies are using social responsibility in an effective manner to achieve an effective proactive plan. The report is regarding corporate social responsibility structure followed by Starbucks. The company is effectively using Social responsibility as an effective tool to meet the distinctive results. Starbucks is a pioneer of corporate social responsibility. They have led the world in an efficient manner through their social responsibility planning. They have effectively used social responsibility in order to lead the world in an effective manner. Starbuck stakeholders management approach is based on different programs related to corporate social responsibility. The company is an advocate of corporate social responsibility. They are following an effective model of corporate social responsibility. They are continuously solving the demand and interest of various stakeholders. The company is not seen as an organization but viewed as a corporate citizen. The firm is continuously contributing towards the social responsibility and responsibly following the stakeholders programs. The current strong image of the brand and image has helped in leading the organization in an effective manner. Starbucks is effectively using corporate social responsibility and making efficient efforts to work in the favor of the farmers and resolving the issues related to corporate social responsibility. Positive aspect of Corporate Responsibility Starbucks has continuously proving to be a pioneer of corporate social responsibility. They are continuously playing an important role by the different stakeholders. The company is effectively playing an important role in meeting the interest of various stakeholders through their corporate social responsibility initiative. Starbucks has effectively using corporate social responsibility for the employees as well. As a stakeholder the company is effectively managing the working condition of employees. It is effectively providing job security to the employees. They are giving scholarship to their employees in partnership with the Arizona State University. Conclusion: The company is continuously solving the employees issues and improving the overall corporate social responsibility structure. It is evident that the Starbucks is taking effective measures. The employee benefit programs are helping the organization in meeting the corporate social objectives. It is important for business organizations to derive effective programs that are necessary to implement effective results. Customers: Starbucks is considering their customers as one of the important stakeholder. The interest of the company lies in the satisfaction of customers. They have included customers as its major stakeholder by

Marijuana Essays (785 words) - Cannabis, Legality Of Cannabis

Marijuana The Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is a relatively harmless drug that governments around the world have made illegal. If legalized, marijuana can be beneficial to society in a number of ways: whether it be for medical, economic, or public safety reasons. Marijuana has been proven to treat several life debilitating, and even life threatening diseases. Although it is not a cure, marijuana can ease the pain and suffering of a dying person. Another benefit of legalization is the financial gains that governments will accomplish through the taxation of marijuana. This is a realistic claim if marijuana sales are compared to that of cigarettes; governments make billions each year from cigarette taxes (Caputo and Ostrom 484). Every year law enforcement spends countless man-hours trying to apprehend marijuana dealers and growers. This time would be better utilized in dealing with more serious crimes. This essay will display some main reasons why marijuana is a substance with beneficial uses and applications. First, marijuana can be used as a treatment for the effects of diseases such as AIDS, cancer, glaucoma, and other terminal diseases. A study carried out in California clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of marijuana as a treatment for cancer: Over 74 percent of the cancer patients treated in the program have reported that marijuana is more effective in relieving their nausea and vomiting than any other drug they have tried.(Zeese 1990). Chemotherapy for cancer patients often produces nausea and vomiting. Marijuana has been proven to relieve these symptoms and there have been no known side effects recorded (Ad Hoc Group of Experts part 4). The people who would benefit the most from the legalization of marijuana are the terminally ill. These people are not criminals at heart, because they only require marijuana as a way to bring relief from their ailments. Moreover, a government should feel obligated to provide terminally ill patients with marijuana to relieve pain. Governments such as Canada and the United States are supposed help its people, and by legalizing marijuana, many terminally ill citizens will feel less pain and suffering. If marijuana were to become legalized, governments could make a large amount of revenue through taxes. In the United States, billions of dollars each year in revenue are produced through tobacco taxes (Caputo and Ostrom 484). If marijuana became a manufactured product, the government could set taxes on the sale of that product. Once legalized and regulated by the government, the money raised through taxes could be used to improve the country. Moreover, several other things can be produced commercially using the marijuana plant. There is a possible revenue obtainable from hemp, which can be manufactured into clothing material, vegetable oil, paper product, and livestock feed (Caputo and Ostrom 485). If legalized, marijuana has the potential to generate a lot of revenue for a government, and this gained revenue can only help the country. Crime is a problem just about anywhere in Canada and the United States. However, crime enforcement energy is often spent dealing with cases that are not necessary. The police spend useless time trying to arrest marijuana growing and smokers. If marijuana is legalized, drug-fighting resources could be better used against the drug trade of cocaine, heroin, and other dangerous substances. Furthermore, if the government regulated the sale of marijuana, a majority of drug dealers would go out of business. This would decrease the amount of black market drug money, and increase the revenue for the government. Also, legalization of marijuana could also take some pressure off of the court system. The court system would have less cases to deal with, and more important cases could be processed faster. The legalization of marijuana would make Canada and the United States a safer place to live, because law enforcement would be directed fully at the true criminals in society. Marijuana is a substance with many useful applications in Canada and the United States. It has been proven to be a great treatment for the pain and discomfort of terminally ill patients. Legalization would make marijuana easily accessible to these people. Also, if the government would legalize and regulate the sale of marijuana, large tax revenues could be available to the government. This increased revenue could help the country become

Political and Legal, Cultural and Social in Maldives Essays

Political and Legal, Cultural and Social in Maldives Essays Political and Legal, Cultural and Social in Maldives Essay Political and Legal, Cultural and Social in Maldives Essay Cultural and Social Maldives is a beautiful island in the Indian Ocean that makes it the smallest country in the world population wise that attracts many tourists all year round. Maldives offers a wide variety of water activities such as surfboarding, diving and most importantly, snorkelling. The potential group of customers would be the younger aged tourists. Before the business expands their business there, they must look at a few aspects. Firstly, the language that is used in Maldives. Common language used in Maldives is Dhivehi and English.So, it is not a problem for the business to expand their business, as the language barrier is not an issue. If the Maldivians do not understand English, the business will have to find a translator to translate the message is trying to convey to them. The business should be mindful not to use product names that are offensive because some words bring different meanings in different countries. Next is the religion of Maldivians. Islam has embraced in Maldives since the year 1153. As of late, almost all the Maldivians are Muslim. The business have to take into consideration the ‘Halal and Haram’ in Islam.The business must bear with the Maldivians during Ramadan season because they cannot participate in water activities during that period of time. They must know that they will make loses during the period of time because the Maldivians will not play surfboarding during the period of time. Other than that, the business has to consider the social and norms of the people in Maldives. Large amount of people in Maldives are Muslim, therefore they have different social values and norms. The acceptance of the business’s products or service highly depends on the people in Maldives.If they do not purchase the products, the business will not make any profits therefore, the business faces a huge problem where they will have to close down their business. Political and Legal The business must consider the attitudes of M aldivians towards foreign products. Some consumers will think that the products from certain countries are of inferior quality. Therefore, they will not purchase the products. In order to solve the problem, the business must maintain as a professional business and advertise their products widely in order to gain the customers.The acceptance of the business’s products or service highly depends on the people in Maldives. If they do not purchase the products, the business will not make any profits which means the business is facing a huge problem where they will have to close down their business. The business has to make sure that no one will bad mouth about their products and services as it will strongly influence other customers decision to purchase the products or not. The politics of the Maldives take place in the paradigm of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the Head of Government.The government runs the executive power. The Preside nt is the head of the executive branch and assigns the Cabinet. Like many presidential democracies, each member of the cabinet needs to be authorised by the Parliament. The President, alongside the Vice President, is elected by the people to a five-year term through a secret ballot system. However if the President runs again, he could be elected to a second five-year term if that limit is permitted by the Constitution. The business has to focus on their resolution of disputes with Maldives too.If the business does not solve the problem, the Maldivians will probably stop trading with them. Therefore, communication is one of the most important parts in resolving arguments or disagreements. To resolve the problem in a proper way, the business should build a Resolution Centre. The negotiation custom between the business and the Maldivians. In Maldives, the ranking and greeting process is quite important. The Maldivians respect each other. The business should greet them and respect them before expanding their business to Maldives. Hand shaking is also one of the common greetings.

Why Do People Travel Essay Example

Why Do People Travel Essay Example Why Do People Travel Paper Why Do People Travel Paper With the development of society, the tourism industry has become one of the industries with the strongest momentum and largest scale in the world economy. As for China, it appears to be one of the mainstays of China’s future development and the first choice of relaxation to many people. Miscellaneous choices of travelling packages, such as luxury tour and expedition tour, indicate that the purposes of travelling differ among people. From my perspective, this ongoing trend of travelling may be attributed to three reasons. Firstly, people travel out of curiosity. The mass explosion of media exposes people to endless flow of information, thus expanding their horizon to an unprecedented extent, which arouses people’s curiosity about the unknown. The more curious one gets, the more one wants to explore the unexplored. Splendid natural wonders like Grand Canyon in the States and Great Barrier Reef in Australia, magnificent architectures like the Imperial Palace in China and Versailles in France, alluring distinctive ethnic cultures, thrilling adventures like gliding and diving†¦ attract people like magnets. Only through travelling can theses so-called splendor, magnificence, allurement and thrills be real. Besides, curiosity also leads people to mediation and reflection: what is the difference between our own culture and its counterparts? Is the account in documentaries or tour guide mirroring the reality of that society? Some travelers got disillusioned when seeing the ugly cracks on the wall of the beautiful Sydney Opera House, while others felt surprised when tasting a palatable dish in Britain which is known for its terrible cuisine†¦ no matter how reality treats you, this precious experience cannot be attained by mere reading and daydreaming, and only through travelling can people’s curiosity be fully satisfied. Secondly, people travel for the sake of freedom. The need of fleeing from stressful reality encourages the emergence of travelling types like leisure and relaxation travelling, whose items, in contrast to the expedition type, mainly include nothing but mere free activities in some agreeable holiday resorts. Most of these resorts provide people with gorgeous seaside or mountainous view and various types of services, offering physical and psychological enjoyment, which is exactly what modern people under stress and pressure are eager for. They aspire for the freedom of doing what they are interested in with no restraint from heavy workload and heated ompetitions. This freedom gives them the sense of re-controlling their life. Consequently, the growing popularity of tourist destinations like Bali and Maldives over recent years can be explained. Thirdly, people travel in need of socializing. Travelling with beloved ones can be a lifelong-treasured memory. The preparation before the journey, the design of the itinerary, the emergencies in the way can foster understanding and enhance relationship. Though sometimes conflicts happen, the settlement of disagreements can bring good to the future development of relationships. In addition to improving extant relationships, one can even make new contacts en route. If you join a tour group, days of harmonious companionship in a tourist group will surprisingly bond group members together, so it is really possible for you to get to know a like-mind intimate; if you travel alone, you will be surrounded by welcoming smiles from local people. All in all, travel can marvelously repair and enlarge your social circles. In conclusion, travelling is an ideal way to meet our physical and psychology needs.

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The French Revolution - Essay Example This study outlines that King Luis XVI also escalated the need for a revolution because he was known to be indecisive. He also had the habit of letting the strong opposition bring him to a position where he could not make a decision on his own. In as much as he reduced the government expenditure, he often was not strong enough to prevent the opposition from thwarting his attempts to create and enact the most important reforms. Therefore, it was easy for those who were against the French monarchy to spread propaganda against the king, thus arousing resentment towards it. From this paper it is clear that apart from the above factors, other issues also led to the eruption of the French revolution. These include the resentment of the people towards the royal absolutism. The peasants and laborers were also driven by poverty so they thought with the monarchy and the church out of power, they would be able to improve their lives. The people also felt intimidated by the Catholic Church power over the public policies and institutions too. Others also advocated for freedom of worship, combined with resentment towards the French queen known for her extravagant style. These were just among other reasons as to why the French revolution occurred. The main goals of the 1789 revolution were to create a constitutional monarchy which would allow for liberty in the French society (Emmet 23-24). Some of the liberties that the French people wanted to have been for instance; sovereignty for the nation, right to speech and conscience, freedom of employment regardless the status, and most importantly, the rights to own property. The people also wanted to have a new constitution that stripped the church off their powers. The new constitution was not to oppose the king but make him as a part of the nation while the church was to be replaced as a source of sovereignty. The people’s goals were inclined towards the rights of the people against the government.

Office gossip Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Office gossip - Case Study Example Lilly had been working in the company as a salesperson, where she came across a customer, named Keith Lasky, with whom she was found in an objectionable condition, in her office talking sexy and creating noise with Lasky, which was not acceptable for her co-workers altogether. Since her company had appointed Lilly to enter into sales venture with the customers and clients, and she had been paying due heed to the same by producing excellent results during the course of performing her duties, she should have also kept in view that she was not only under-obligation to increase sales volume of the company, she was also expected to work for the good name and fame of her workplace. The company had bestowed its unflinching trust in Lilly, and it used to appoint her for its overseas operational services; it is therefore, her developing sexual relationships with one of the customers of the company not only appeared to be disgusting for her co-workers and colleagues, but also this act of her portrayed a very awkward scenario for the company that the sales staff of the company could touch even the bottom for generating business from the customers. In addition, the wrong-doing initiated by Lilly by developing extra-marital relationship with a customer introduced the condemnable trend that the female sales staff would also have to offer their physical charms for the sexual gratification of the customers in order to promote the company subsequently. Hence, her irresponsible act brought humiliation and defamation to the company, as the customers could communicate the same to the public at large that the company also offers the female staff for the sexual pleasures of the customers for capturing the attraction of others. Moreover, a married woman’s entering into extra-marital relationship with a customer was equally humiliating for her husband and children, as they would never allow such indecent activities. Consequently, her company,

Terrorism in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Terrorism in Pakistan Essay When analyzing the worlds current situation concerning terrorism, it is difficult to say whether the global war on terrorism has been a successful one. Since the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Centers in New York City, George Bush, former president of the United States, vowed to defeat terrorism. Eight years later, this promise has yet to be fulfilled, and even with the help of many countries globally, the threat of terrorism is still evident more then ever, which questions whether the global war on terror is succeeding. Moreover, to entirely grasp the subject, one must be familiar with the definition of terrorism and it can be defined as an act of violence or threatened violence intended to spread panic in a society, and to bring about political change. Terrorists do not necessarily live in their native states, they also migrate to neighboring countries, and countries abroad and often go undetected. The logistics and man power it takes to combat terrorism is immense, and it seems more evident that the global war on terrorism is not succeeding due to essentially three factors. First, that The United States has created a terrorist haven in the Middle East. Second, international support for the global war on terrorism is decreasing. Third, terrorism has been on the constant increase since September 11, 2001. On March 19, 2003, former American President George W. Bush announced to the world that the United States and the United Kingdom would be invading Iraq. He stated that this military operation was designed to â€Å"disarm Iraq, free its people and to defend the world from grave danger.† America had seen Iraq to be a major threat against world peace as well as a â€Å"breeding ground for terrorists†, and that it had to eliminate this threat before they could attack again. On March 20, 2003, a day after President Bushes address, The United States and the United Kingdom began their invasion of Iraq. Although the invasion was intended to disarm Iraq from any weapons of mass destruction, it was also aimed at uncovering and eliminating any terrorist organizations within the country since several United States officials accused Hussein of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, the terrorist organization responsible for the September 11 attacks. In fact, no weapons of mass destruction were ever found and it was discovered that there was â€Å"no direct connection between Saddams Iraq and al-Qaeda.† Furthermore, while there was no concrete connection between Iraq and terrorism, the United  States and the United Kingdom decided to remain in Iraq and liberate its people. Moreover, attacks on troops were being carried out daily and Iraqis say that these attacks were being made by â€Å"organized forces motivated by nationalism, Islam and revenge that feed off public unhappiness.† Instead of creating a more liberal and safe Iraq, what the United States and United Kingdom had done was essentially bring more violence and terrorist activity to the country. Prior to the United States and United Kingdoms occupation, the people of Iraq were not able to speak their minds, but what they did have was security and the basic amenities to get through the day. After the occupation had taken place, the Iraqi people to this day â€Å"fear being attacked in their bedrooms; power, water, and telephones are routinely unavailable.† Shiites, which are a branch of Islam, supported the removing of Saddam Hussein from power, but got increasingly hostile towards the United States and United Kingdoms occupation of their country. This hostility resulted in the creation of religious extremists within Iraq which â€Å"have told western reporters that they are prepared to carry out martyrdom operations if and when they receive orders to do so.† The United States and United Kingdom invasion of Iraq had not only increased religious extremism in the country, but it was also used as a â€Å"recruitment tool by al-Qaeda and other groups.† The head of Movement for Islamic Reform in Arabia, Saad al-Faqih, said that â€Å"images of American soldiers and tanks in Baghdad are deeply humiliating to Muslims.† This humiliation is one of man y things that tends to trigger deep anger for American and British forces occupying Iraq, and ultimately creates terrorists. However, some argue that the occupation of Iraq was essential in the global fight against terrorism. Former President George W. Bush stated that if the United States and the United Kingdom had not invaded Iraq, terrorists would not be idle. He goes on to say that â€Å"they would be plotting and killing [people] across the world and within [American] borders. By fighting these terrorists in Iraq, Americans in uniform are defeating a direct threat to the American people.† Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom also agreed with Bushs comments stating â€Å"There is absolutely no doubt in my mind that what is happening in Iraq now†¦is crucial for the security of the world.†

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre as a Coming of Age Story Essay -- Jane Ey

Jane Eyre as a Coming of Age Story   Charlotte Bronte's classic, Jane Eyre, is a "coming of age" story. The main character, Jane, travels from the innocence of childhood through the maturity of adulthood. During this journey, Jane goes through the battle of education vs. containment, where she attempts to learn about herself and about the world. She must constantly battle a containment of sorts, however, whether it be a true physical containment or a mental one. This battle of education vs. containment can be seen by following Jane through her different places of residence, including Gateshead Hall, Lowood Institution, Thornfield, Moor House and Morton, and Ferndean Manor, where she is, finally, fully educated and escapes the feeling of containment which she held throughout the novel. The story begins as Jane lives with the Reed family in their home at Gateshead Hall. Here, the theme of education vs. containment develops immediately, as Jane is kept confined indoors on a cold winter day. The other children (Eliza, John, and Giorgiana) are "clustered round their mamma in the drawing-room" (Bronte: 39) being educated, as Jane had been excluded from the group. Jane tries to educate herself by reading from Berwick's History of British Birds, but once again, she is held back from her attempt at enlightenment by the abuse of John Reed, who castigates her and throws the heavy book at her. In anger, Jane cries out, "You are like a murderer - you are like a slave-driver - you are like the Roman emperors" (Bronte: 43). In this passage, Jane compares John Reed to a slave-driver because, like a slave-driver, he deprives Jane of her attempt at education and keeps her suppressed. Afterwards, Jane is blamed for the entire incident and... ...ome of the modern woman, as she manages a perfect balance between both, the spiritual and the physical, which is what she really wanted in life. Works Cited and Consulted Beaty, Jerome. Misreading Jane Eyre. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1996. Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1991 Bronte, Charlotte. "Charlotte Bronte's Letters". New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1971. Dowta, Dr. Allyson. Women and the Written Word. Trenton: Prentice Hall, 1992. Fraser, Rebecca. The Brontes. 1st ed. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Crown Publishers, 1988.    Gates, Barbara Timm, ed. Critical Essays on Charlotte Bronte. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990.    Jane Eyre. Dir. Franco Zeffirelli. Perf. William Hurt, Charlotte Gainsborough, and Anna Paquin. 1996    Jane Eyre. Dir. Julian Aymes. Perf. Timothy Dalton, Zelah Clarke. 1983   

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime is a 2003 novel written by the British author Mark Haddon. It won the 2003 Whitbread Book of the Year, and the Commonwealth Writers’’ Prize for best first book. Christopher, fifteen-year-old boy with behavioral problems, lives with his father in Swindon, England. His mother has been dead for over 2 years. He discovers the dead body of Wellington, the neighbor’s dog, speared by a garden fork, and Christopher decides to write a mystery murder novel about the dog. One day his father found the book and hide it from him, and when Christopher goes for a search he finds a bunch of letters directed to him from his mother. With the letters he realizes that his mom is not dead and she had left them. His dad confesses that he was the one who had killed the dog, and because of that Christopher left his house with the fear of being killed by his dad, he goes to London to find his mother. After reunited with his mother they return to Swindon, where he takes his A-level exam and get an A grade. The book ends with Christopher optimistic about his future, having solved the mystery of the murdered dog, gone to London on his own, found his mother, written a book, and achieved an A in his A-level math’s exam. The book takes part in England; only two different cities were visited, London and Swindon. The book starts in Swindon, where Christopher lives with his father, the same places were he finds the dead dog and stars his murder mystery novel. When Christopher finds out that her mother was living in London and that she was not dead he was very confused: â€Å"Mother had never lived in London† (98) that was when he just read the first letter and did not knew what to think. That is why he goes to London. The time of the book is in the end of the 20th century and we are able to know because of the dates inside the letters. However in my opinion the setting is not very important in this book. The main character of the story is Christopher and he is the one telling the story. â€Å"My name is Christopher John Francis Boone. I know all the countries of the world and their capital cities and every prime number up to 7,057† (2). He is a very interesting character; he has Asperger Syndrome, which is a type of autism. Because of that it is very difficult to find out what he is thinking, however the author is able to interpret it very good. There are many other characters in the story but in my opinion the next most important is his father. He treats Christopher really nice, even though his syndrome. He is a very good father but he sometimes looses his patience and reacts explosively. In the other hand Christopher’s mother is another important part of the story, but she appears later on in the book. She is a good mother, loving Christopher very much, but she thinks that she is not, that is the reason she fled. The style in the book is very important, because there was a lot of effort in the writing. He interprets the point of view of the autistic boy very precise. â€Å"Haddon worked with autistic individuals† (0) making its work with a deep meaning and very accurate to a real autistic boy. More over the book is written in 1st person from beginning to end: â€Å"It was seven minutes after midnight. † (1) Evidence about it being written in 1st person. The main idea of the book is to create and accurate point of view of the life of a boy with Asperger syndrome. Haddon is able to do it; he was able to do a very deep search into the mind of an autistic boy by studying them and working with them personally. The moral of the story is that people with Asperger syndrome are normal, even though they look different. They have feelings and they are very smart, the difference is that they have really bad social skills and have problems connecting ideas and a several behavioral problems: â€Å"These are some of my behavioral problems A) No talking to people for a long time F) smashing things when I am angry or confused O) hitting other people† (47) Christopher talking about his behavioral problems, it is very curious how he has them very clearly in his mind but keeps doing them. The idea of the book is very important and is well interpreted, creating a clear view of it and the moral. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time is a very interesting novel, filled with exciting changes in the story and a unexpected end. However I thought it was very slow at the beginning and the middle, making it a little boring in some chapters. Haddon does interpret amazingly the mind of an autistic boy, which in my opinion is one of the best parts of the book. It is very easy to read and that makes it good for bad readers. In an overall view I did like this book and would recommend it to others.

Reflective Writing on History Taking Essay

The first lecture on history taking that I had attended was conducted by Dr Yambao. It was an introductory lecture in understanding the basis of taking history from the patients and the effective skills on how to come out with a complete history of patients in order to identify one’s disease. It was an interesting lecture to me but far more interesting when I entered the clinical skill learning session (CSL). In CSL classes, I had acquired the idea and illustrations on how history taking is done with the help of Dr Min Zaw Aung, my facilitator for CSL Module. After few classes on CSL, including history taking on presenting illness, past medical, surgical, family and social history as well as history taking in paediatrics and women, I had better acknowledged myself in the process and techniques. However, it wasn’t that easy as I thought to carry out the history taking myself. Dr Min Zaw Aung had taught me very well in doing the history taking. Me and my CSL group members was given cases and practiced on history taking among ourselves with Dr Min Zaw Aung’s guidance. Then, comes the session where I had to do the real history taking, with the real patient at the Kepala Batas Hospital near the campus. I was excited at the beginning as I would be able to see real patients and talk to them. At the hospital, I was assigned a task on history taking in the women’s ward together with my team-mates. Later that day, I became very nervous as I thought that I wasn’t prepared to do the history taking with them. Dr Min Zaw Aung had divided the group in pairs and each pair had to take the history from one of the patient in the ward. The patient that I got was a Malay woman aged 43 years old with diabetes and a wound on her right toe. She was so friendly and she had given a good cooperation so that I and my friend can conduct the history taking very well. At first, I was worried that I will disturb the patient when she is having her rest but then, I know, I had to do this as this is important in  my process of learning in becoming a good doctor in the future. At first, we had applied the skills that were taught by our facilitator. To begin, we put the patient at ease and comfort. My friend and I did the history taking and noted everything that we have to know about her illness so that, we can better diagnose her. All the questions pertaining to patients’ symptoms and chief complaint were being asked; including history of presenting illness, history of past medical and surgical history as well as medication, dietary history, family history and social history. During the processes, I realized that we had to be careful in phrasing our questions, give good verbal and non-verbal cues, differentiate closed and open ended questions and ask relevant questions systemically. This is to ensure that the patient wouldn’t feel disturbed or angry and more pleased to give information. It turned out that, the patient I had met was actually a type 1 diabetic patient since she was 31 years old and she inherited the disease from both her parent. Her injured right toe was swollen and worsens after her first meeting with the doctor. The wound is healing very slowly and it caused bacterial infections which consequently made her feverish. So, she was diagnosed with infection on right toe associated with fever which worsens by her diabetes. After the history taking was done, we had to present the case to our facilitator, Dr Min Zaw Aung. We did the presentation well but still, there were some mistakes that we had made. Dr Min Zaw Aung had helped us in correcting our mistakes and came out with the right diagnosis. He also gave us information regarding our case and explained further about it so that I and my friend understand it better and learn from our mistakes. So, I had finished the CSL session for this semester. I had learned so many things in the classes and sessions with the lecturer especially on history taking. The experiences that I gained are an exposure to me of the medical world before I am able to be in it. All of it is so important in pursuing my medical years as training in becoming a good doctor to thousands and in fact  millions of patient s that I will attend and help in the future.

Personification vs. Anthropomorphism

Personification vs. Anthropomorphism Personification vs. Anthropomorphism Personification vs. Anthropomorphism By Maeve Maddox A reader asks: Is there a difference between  Personification and Anthropomorphism? If theyre not the same, could you please explain it? Both words convey the idea of attributing human characteristics to something not human. Personification comes from the verb personify. One meaning of personify is â€Å"to represent or imagine a thing or abstraction as a person.† For example, â€Å"Wisdom has built her house; she has set up its seven pillars. –Proverbs, 9:1.† The abstract concept wisdom is personified by the use of the feminine pronouns. Another meaning of personify is â€Å"to be the embodiment of a quality or trait.† For example, â€Å"Adolf Hitler has become infamous as a personification of evil.† Poets frequently employ personification, as in the opening lines of â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† by John Keats (1795–1821): Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness, Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time, Sylvan historian, who canst’ thus express A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme. The subject of the poem is an ancient urn or vase depicting a pastoral scene in which male figures seem to be pursuing women. Keats humanizes the inanimate urn by addressing it with the pronoun thou and calling it a bride, a foster-child, and a historian. The concepts Silence and Time are also personified by identifying them as the parents of the urn. Many of the ancient gods were personifications of natural phenomena or intellectual concepts. The goddess Iris, for example, is the personification of the rainbow. Cupid is the personification of desire or love (Latin cupere, â€Å"to love†). English speakers personify ships as female, as Holmes does in his poem about the USS Constitution, aka â€Å"Old Ironsides†: Ay, tear her tattered ensign down! The word anthropomorphism has two main applications. The first definition given for it in the OED is â€Å"ascription of a human form and attributes to the Deity.† Descriptions of God walking in a garden, having the whole world in His hands and â€Å"having His eye upon the sparrow† are examples of this kind of anthropomorphism. A second definition of anthropomorphism is â€Å"ascription of a human attribute or personality to anything impersonal or irrational.† This is the kind of anthropomorphism that leads doting pet owners to stage weddings for their dogs. Anthropomorphism is a popular story-telling trope. Puss in Boots, Black Beauty, and Rocket Raccoon are anthropomorphized animal characters. Inanimate objects can also be anthropomorphized, like the vegetables in Veggie Tales and the vehicles in the movie Cars. Television advertising is rife with anthropomorphism, ranging from cute (MM candies) to revolting (Mucus). If there is a difference, it’s a subtle one. I think personification is more appropriate for discussions of literature and as a synonym for embodiment. Anthropomorphism seems to suit more general contexts. One drawback to this advice is that anthropomorphism is harder to say. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictTop 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)Woof or Weft?

Buy A Thesis Online And Get Qualified Help

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This I Believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

This I Believe - Essay Example Based on my vision of the universe, my idea of life forms, and my concept of ‘God,’ I choose to believe in the existence of alien life in our universe. In terms of the awesome size of our ever-expanding universe, whose dimensions I can hardly imagine, I picture the location of our beautiful planet, Earth. I see that Earth is a little planet orbiting a minor star, the sun. The sun is but one star in the billions upon billions of stars in our galaxy. To go on, our galaxy is but one in billions of galaxies in the universe, and each galaxy has hundreds of billions of stars. Billions of stars have their own solar systems. Astronomers have already discovered about three hundred planets outside our solar system, which is but a small beginning. In this picture, I see that Earth is but a little piece of rock in a solar system that occupies a small space in a small galaxy in a vast, vast universe! How can life be exclusive to our planet alone? I believe that extraterrestrial life exists in various forms which are different from those on earth. When I allow myself to break free from the picture of ‘life’ only as it exists on earth, I am able to accept that extraterrestrial life is likely to be in forms adapted to the particular conditions of each unique planet.

Confidentiality as a Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Confidentiality as a Nurse - Essay Example However, these cannot be considered as separate entities as confidentiality is interlinked with privacy and trust and most of the time means that the information should be kept a secret from others (Butts & Rich, 2005). Breach of confidentiality in the nursing practice leads to an encounter with ethical dilemmas, however, different circumstances call for unique decisions. The code of ethics includes confidentiality as an important and significant part of the nursing practice to ensure a trustworthy and open relationship between the clinician and the patient. The ANA Code for the Nurses states: â€Å"Associated with the right to privacy, the nurses have a duty to maintain confidentiality of all patient information.† The ANA Code for Nurses also states: â€Å"The patient’s well-being could be jeopardized and the fundamental trust between patient and nurse destroyed by unnecessary access to data or by the inappropriate disclosure of identifiable patient information† (Benjamin & Curtis, 2010). These principles of confidentially and respect to other people’s information establish the confidential nature of the communication between the patient and the nurse and the duty of the nurse to maintain the trust and privacy. If a nurse shares information about the patient during her nursing practice, she not only creates breach in confidentiality but also fails to respect the patient. Nevertheless, the nurses are encountered with a plethora of circumstances which place them in a dilemma about whether to preserve the confidential relationship or disclose the information for the patient’s benefit. An ethical case presented by Pamela G. Nathanson discusses the case of nurse Carol Hathaway where she promises her two young patients to keep their information a secret and will not disclose the patient’s information to the parent’s or any other person. The sole reason of her act was because the adolescents were reluctant to enter int o care thus she ensured them of privacy and secrecy. The two girls were suspecting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and one of the girls is diagnosed with human papillomavirus and later she also tests positive for cervical cancer. The girls had been a part of various â€Å"sex parties† with multiple partners which led to the current circumstances and, therefore, are reluctant in telling their parents. This is an ethical dilemma for the nurse Hathaway as she is obligated to keep the information a secret. However, she is advised by the physician to report the parents as the treatment for the cancer requires parental consent as well as their support for the adolescent girl. Moreover, the physician also advised the nurse that the school authorities should be informed of the girl’s condition so that action could be taken about the sexual activities prevalent among the students (Nathanson, 2000). The case represents a complicated situation faced by the nurse where ethics of confidentiality have to be questioned or compromised for a better good. Confidentiality specifically in cases of adolescent or young patients is an important subject as most of them are hesitant or reluctant to share their information, fearing disclosure of their condition to friends, family or social circle. In such circumstances, the nurses have to gain the trust of the patients and show

Shipping Industry in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shipping Industry in the UK - Essay Example Ninety-five per cent of Britain's external trade by weight, (77% by value) moves by water. "The World Bank estimates that seaborne trade in Britain will increase by 4% a year over the next decade, yet UK ship ownership and registration have fallen substantially over the past 30 years and there seems to be a maritime staff crisis, with a decline in the number of qualified seafarers". http://www.kmcinternational.com/about_us/sector_profile.cfmid=14 The numbers of the UK seafarers are declining at a rate which is not only hazardous to the shipping industry itself, but this in turn will also affect the many other industries which employ the trained seafarers when they come ashore. There are about 17,000 such jobs available, these jobs range from surveying to shipbuilding and from marine equipment services to insurance - for many of these jobs the experience which seafarers have is essential. The moribund sea industry would leave the maritime related economy faltering. Recently, the British government has issued new taxation laws and these laws will not only indefinitely affect the shipping businesses in the UK but also the shipping mercantile which do business with Britain. Trade and shipping have been interconnected through the ages. Initially there was a 25% capital allowance and ... It is obvious that those tax- breaks were not cost-effective. In the July of 2000, the tonnage tax was introduced into the British shipping industry. Instead of charging ships to be taxed by the profits they made, ships started to be charged by their tonnage. It was of the collective opinion that this taxation was gravely needed by this particular industry to reverse the downward trend it was facing for the past 25 years. There were many suggestions to overturn this development but none actually came through. Then the head of Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions is a former seafarer by the name of John Prescott, who founded the Shipping Working Group. This group was supposed to help design a taxation policy in accordance with employers and unions - the Chamber with officers and ratings and the Government. They started working together on the campaign to reverse the decline and when everyone joined forces they managed to achieve speedy progress. In the March of 1998 the group reported to the Secretary of State and in December of 1998 John Prescott introduced what is known as "British Shipping: - charting a new course". http://www.british-shipping.org/british/delivering.htm The problem with the White Paper however was that there was no mention and no didn't have any solutions to the financial and economical problems of the British shipping industry - the industry couldn't compete with other nations, such as Norway, Germany, Greece and the Netherlands, who already had such policies in place. It merely suggested that the tonnage based tax system be reviewed. It was up to the Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer to step up and solve the dilemma. In the March of 1999, in

Categorical clustering Essay Example for Free

Categorical clustering Essay Theories which link recall directly to the way in which the information is encoded are very well supported and accepted among cognitive theorists; however, there is a lack of research on specific tricks to encoding which may aid in recall efficiency (Roy, 1967). The theories on this are widely accepted but, in fact, are poorly supported due to their common sense value. There is a need for more research about the ways in which environment directly effects efficiency of recall. Considering all of the research done on the correlation between encoding methods and recall, it can be seen that recall is directly affected by the modality and physical characteristics of encoding (Squire, 1987). Mnemonic devices are techniques to improve retention and most involve some combination of vivid visual imagery, organization of information into meaningful units, and hierarchies, and association with well-learned information (Winn, 2001). Many different memorization techniques have been designed to accommodate the unique way that every brain encodes the most effectively. Mnemonic devices have been devised to help the naturally most effective way for each individuals brain to encode information, but are geared towards visual learners. Kinetic and Auditory Learners need to modify what is being encoded in order for it to be effectively recalled later (Expanding, 1996). These specific techniques add meaning to an otherwise meaningless list of items (Sternberg, 1999). Common mnemonic devices include categorical clustering, interactive images, pegword systems, method of loci, acronyms, acrostics, and keyword systems. Henry Roediger has studied the comparative effectiveness of these mnemonic strategies and found that it was influenced by the kind of task required at the time of retrieval. He went on to suggest that when choosing a method for encoding, one should keep in mind the purpose of recalling the information (Sternberg, 1999).. Students are often asked to memorize large amounts of information at one time. There is a very small amount of research on the effectiveness of different mnemonic devices specifically effective for the purpose of recalling scholastic information. One method which has been theorized to fit this type of purpose of recall is categorical clustering. It has already been theorized by Weston Bousfield that the human brain automatically separates information into categories. In 1953 he tested this theory by showing that if sets of test words can be divided into categories, participants will automatically cluster their recall output by these categories. Aiding the natural inclination to categorize with mnemonic devices could greatly help memorization. Theories about this are very poorly supported. Further investigation of this specific mnemonic device is important in investigating how it affects the recall of lists of words. Knowing this would be relevant in scholastic and other environments in which this device could be especially helpful. Hypothesis  IB Juniors given a list of 18 words with a list of 3 category titles will recall the items on the list more accurately than those given the list without the category titles  Null Hypothesis  There is no difference in recall between IB Juniors given a list with category titles and those given the list without the titles. Methods: Design  Design  The design that will be used for this experiment is independent samples, because it meets the needs of the experiment and also minimizes error and is effective in controlling specific internal validity concerns. This specific design controls for testing and progressive errors, most order effects, maturation, and mortality. This design, however, does not control for history. The only unwanted subject variables in this experiment would be learning or memory deficit disorders. Drastic problems that keep a student from being able to memorize or learn new things effectively would negatively affect the experiment and make the results more difficult to generalize. To control for this, as a sort of pre-screening, only juniors enrolled in the International Baccalaureate program will be used as volunteers. It can be ensured that any student which has made it that far within that rigorous an academic program has no drastic disorders which effect his or her memory or ability to learn and retain information. This also controls for selection in that all IB Juniors are statistically equivalent. Diffusion of treatment in this experiment could be a problem if the subjects share words or information from the lists while trying to recall them. This could largely alter the results of the experiment and therefore the researchers will be preventing subject interaction and supervising them as they are recalling remembered words. All subjects will be given the exact same list of words, only 1/2 will be given simple category titles. The words will still be in the same order and place on the page to control for instrumentation errors. Ethics Because subjects will be tested in front of a teacher, it will be made fully aware that they will be ethically treated and that in no way will this experiment alter their status in that classroom. The researchers will establish a clear and fair agreement with the research participants prior to their participation. This agreement will clarify the aim of the study, that it is completely optional, and ensure that the results will be shared with the participants after all data is collected and analyzed. The researchers will make the subjects fully aware that the study is not only optional, but that the subject can decline to participate or withdraw from the research at any time without any repercussions whatsoever. All necessary aspects of the research will be described and the volunteers will give their informed consent prior to participation. Results will remain confidential and anonymous, but the final purpose of the study shall be revealed in a follow up session. Since all of the participants are under 18, the principal and the party who is legally responsible for the students while they are on campus (Mrs. Benware) will be made aware of the aim of the study and give her consent to let any volunteers participate in the study. III. Methods: Participants The entire population of IB Juniors may be used in the experiment; however, the statistical concepts of sampling make it unnecessary. The sample will consist of IB Juniors from Mrs. Jamisons 3rd and 6th period classes, and from various other teachers which give informed consent for the researchers to talk to their classrooms about the experiment and offer the opportunity for the students to volunteer. The participants will be a representative group of the entire population of IB juniors. Students which are taking psychology dont create any errors in population validity, as they havent participated in enough training in psychology for their results to be altered in any way because of it. To obtain a random sample from the IB Junior class, students from random classrooms will be asked to volunteer. A random sample of 30 IB Juniors is used in the experiment. They are all 16-17 years of age and have similar academic backgrounds and capabilities, as they are all in the International Baccalaureate program.

personal narrative Essay -- essays research papers

The Gift After what seemed like an eternity of rigorous tests and dealing with the painful longing of wanting to hold a precious baby of my own in my arms, it happened; my dreams at long last came true. I was pregnant! But something happened; I felt my world come crashing down. The thought of bringing another life into this world terrified me. After marriage, my husband and I immediately wanted to start a family. A year or so went by and still nothing, no baby. I decided to check myself out to see if anything was wrong. I went through all the normal tests to see if there were any problems. The doctors couldn’t find any concrete explanation why I wasn’t able to conceive. As a last resource, before getting into more invasive measures, my doctor wanted me to try a fertility pill called Clomid. Figuring I didn’t have anything to loose, I started taking the pills. A few months after taking Clomid, I realized I was feeling a bit strange. I was more tired then I normally felt. I decided to take a pregnancy test. Assuming I was going to get the same negative result, I take the test, walk away and gather my thoughts. Hoping and praying for a different outcome that I had become accustomed to. I walked back to read the results. Expecting to see a negative test, I stare at the test in disbelief. Two pink lines! I blink my eyes to make sure I am not seeing things, it was true. A positive pregnancy test, some...

The Importance of Good Writing Skills for Prospective University Students

Introduction In the age of technology, most students are absorbed in using electronic sources to either read or listen to academic information and usually attempt to memorize facts as far as possible. While electronic devices such as Android phones, iPads, Kindles, and other devices provide students with an amalgamation of information at their fingertips and students are very well informed regarding what is happening in the world and how various things work, they often lack the ability to form and express their opinions in their own words. This skill is often seen non-existent amongst prospective university students, who possess a great degree of knowledge regarding numerous topics, but struggle when they are required to write their personal statements to when they are required to write their dissertations in their final years. It is important for prospective university students to recognize the importance of good writing skills in order to help them get through their university years. The issues of plagiarism, use of vocabulary, and proper structuring must be addressed adequately in order to help prospective university students achieve good grades. The following tips may help university students improve their writing skills: Adopting the habit of reading: Listening to music, playing sports, and hanging out with friends are common activities found in young adults nowadays. However, a study found that approximately 21% of university-aged students said that they enjoyed reading while the majority of students did not express this interest (CollegeXpress, 2013). However, this hobby is highly important for students in order to help them improve their structuring, their ability of expression, and their vocabulary skills. Writing a diary or a blog: While diaries may be slightly out-dated, students can create a blog on a topic of interest which will help them regularly post their thoughts, feelings, and opinions regarding various topics. This will help enhance their creativity, expressive abilities, and enable them to generally enhance their writing skills to capture the interest of readers. Becoming a freelance writer: While prospective university students search for various part-time jobs, it may be beneficial for them to look for jobs as freelance writers. Indulging in activities such as writing advertising and marketing messages, writing emails, and other small tasks to earn a small income may pay a long way in their future. Avoid using slang when chatting, writing emails, or in any other form of communication: Using slang impairs a person’s spelling and vocabulary skills and may often hinder a person’s ability to write properly structured sentences. Hence, avoiding the use of such language can help a student write more appropriately in the future. Having good writing skills can help prospective students in their university years and can also pay a long way when looking for prospective careers. Most employers are looking for candidates with a good level of expression, excellent writing skills, and a high level of creativity. Research has found that individuals with good writing skills score 80% higher than those who do not possess such skills in university and tend to find jobs 30% quicker than others (Aims Community College, 2013). References Aims Community College. (2013) Online Writing Lab. [online] Accessed on: November 10, 2013 Available at: http://www.aims.edu/student/online-writing-lab/overview/why CollegeXpress. (2013) â€Å"Cultivating Exceptional Writing Skills for Success and Beyond†. Accessed on November 11, 2013 Available at: http://www.collegexpress.com/articles-and-advice/majors-and-academics/articles/college-academics/cultivating-exceptional-writing-skills-success-college-and-beyond/

Afro-Caribbean Poetry Essay

In this essay I will be studying the various items of poetry from manyAfro-Caribbean poets. One of the poets is Langston Hughes who was  born in Joplin, Missouri on the first of February 1902. He started  writing poetry after moving to Lincoln, Illinois. The poems I will be  studying are â€Å"Mulatto† and â€Å"I, Too†.  The next poet I will be looking at is Grace Nichols. Nichols was born  in Guyana in 1950, she came to England in 1977 this is when she  developed her fiction and verse writing. The poem I will be studying is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Praise song for my mother†. The next poet I will look at will be Dr Benjamin Obadiah lqual  Zephaniah, he was born in Birmingham, but he spent most of his  time in Jamaica. After he spent some time in prison he decided to use  his energy for good and educate himself. The poem I will study â€Å"I love  me mudder†.  The last poet work I will be looking at will be John Agard. Agard was  born in Guyana in 1949, the country was still a British colony until  1966. In 1977 Agard moved to England. This is where he became the  light of the new West Indian British dawn of various bardic  compositions. Agard is a poet whom blends calypso styled language  with unique sounding spoken word. The work I will be studying is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Half-caste†Ã‚  I have paired the poems up. The pairs either share the same topic,  tone or language. One of the pairs is â€Å"Half-caste† by John Agard and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mulatto† by Langston Hughes, because they have the same type of  topic and also tone.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Half caste† is about weather: the term half-caste can be applied to  any thing else apart from people. John Agard has written a very good  poem witch makes you think about the words we use every day with  out knowing the proper meanings and whether it makes any sense  when you break the word down. I think that many words we use now  are â€Å"out of date† and should be changed for politically correct terms  and alternatives. Agard also uses some stunning references to get you  thinking. The other half of this pair â€Å"Mulatto† tells us about the harsh  treatment black women faced at the hands of their white bosses in  the slave era and how the women were only used as play things, this  is shown in the part â€Å"What’s a body but a toy?†. The word â€Å"mulatto†Ã‚  means the same as â€Å"half caste† but not as many people use it  nowadays. The boy in the story has a trouble fitting in with black  people and white people and does not have that sense of belonging if  he had been born to parents of the same race. The next pair is â€Å"Praise song for my mother† by Grace Nichols and â€Å"I  love me mudder† by Benjamin Zephaniah. I’ve paired these poems  because they share the same topics which is their mothers.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Praise song for my mother† is about how Grace Nichols loved her  mother and how she inspired to do the best she could. It’s also how  she looked up to her, and how her mother was all the things she likes  such as the sunrise and the fried plantain smell. The poem is set in a  past tense which seems to tell us the readers that her mother has  died. The second half of my pair is â€Å"I love me mudder†. This poem is about  how Benjamin Zephaniah’s mother came from Jamaica on a boat  called Windrush. Many people came from Jamaica because they  thought they would have a better life than the one they all ready had.  In black family family (need to delete this) life the figure of the  mother is very strong and is the main rule maker in the house, and  this poem shows how she works so hard just to make sure her familydon’t go without. The last pair of poems is â€Å"taint† by Grace Nichols and â€Å"I, Too† by  Langston Hughes these two poems have been joined together because  they both have kind of the same topic which shows the pain black  people have overcome but still yet we are strong.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"taint† is about the treachery that this person has had cast upon  them while they where a slave, the fact that they where stolen by men  the colour of their own skin. This reminds me of the black on black  gang warfare and killings. This person who trusted the people of their  same skin colour was betrayed. This work also shows how these  people where traded like they where animals. The poem has a  message to everyone: to stop fighting and live peacefully together.  The second half of the pair is â€Å"I, Too† which shows how black people  had to eat in a kitchen when company came but they ate well and  became strong. So when company comes no one will dare tell me to  eat in the kitchen and now you are ashamed about what you did to  me when I was mentally weak. This poem has a promise of hope for  Ã‚  change. Hughes suggests that â€Å"Tomorrow† things will be different and  people will see that beauty and equality of all peoples.